Ashkan Ashkpour, PhD.

Data Architect · Scientific Researcher · Harmonization · Linked Data · Co-Founder

Starting his scientific career as a Master in Economics and Informatics at the Erasmus University in Rotterdam he continued to work in a highly interdisciplinary environment during his PhD and Post-doc projects at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) , more specifically at the cross-borders of Social Sciences and Computer Science, often referred to as the Digital Humanities. His research interests span from data harmonization and modelling, ontologies and classification systems, to Linked Open Data, Semantic Web technologies and Data Management. Currently working as a Senior Data Architect for the city of Delft, developing a cohesive and generic data model for all municipalities in the Netherlands to use, being awarded with the Dutch national price "GemeenteDelers 2022" for this work.


EXPERIENCE

Senior Data Architect

City of Delft

Enterprise Data Architecture. Primarily responsible for the Dutch Municipal Data Model (i.e. het Gemeentelijke Gegevensmodel), a generic and integrated (national) data model and standard for all municipal data in the Netherlands.

Post-doc Researcher

CLARIAH

Worked in various Linked Data related projects in the CLARIAH group with a focus on knowledge representation and data integration across time and space.

PhD Researcher

Erasmus University Rotterdam, IISH

The topic of my PhD research was the ‘theory and practice of data harmonization using Linked Data technologies’ with specific focus on the evolution and harmonization of historical Dutch census data.

Research Member

Erasmus Studio

Success factors and bottlenecks of the Virtual Knowledge Studio (VKS) Collaboratory: A workflow based analysis.

Technical Consultant

Greenvalley

Enterprise Content Management System

Video Production

929 Productions

Co-founder and creative director. Scenario writing, editing, camera operator, After Effects

Education

Doctor of Philosophy, PhD

Historical Census Data Harmonization using Linked Data Technologies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, IISH

Master of Science, MSc

Economics & Informatics, Erasmus University Rotterdam

Bachelor of Information and Communication Technology

Bedrijfskundige Informatica, Inholland University of Applied Sciences

Publications

2025

Ashkpour, A. (2025). Meetup Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel: Datagedreven werken in de praktijk — praktische handvatten. Kennisnetwerk Data en Samenleving, VNG. Utrecht, Museum Speelklok.

 

Ashkpour, A. (2025). Scaling the Municipal Data Model: From Internal Project to a Nationally Applied Model. Paper presented at DataNext Architecture Europe (online), 2 October 2025. https://www.datanextconf.com/datanext-architecture-europe

 

2024

Ashkpour, A. (2024). Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel sterk in opmars. Computable, 22 October 2024. https://www.computable.nl/2024/10/22/gemeentelijk-gegevensmodel-sterk-in-opmars/

 

Ashkpour, A. (2024). GGM Roundtable: Informatiegestuurd werken in de praktijk — GGM en Microsoft Azure. Kennisnetwerk Data en Samenleving, VNG.

 

2023

Ashkpour, A. (2023). VNG Kennisnetwerk: Samen versnellen door een gemeenschappelijke taal voor gegevens. Kennisnetwerk Data en Samenleving, VNG.

 

2022

Ashkpour, A. (2022). Het Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel bouwt aan een gezamenlijk datafundament. Vereniging Directeuren Publieksdiensten. https://www.publieksdiensten.nl/nieuws/het-gemeentelijk-gegevensmodel-bouwt-aan-een-gezamenlijk-datafundament

 

Ashkpour, A. (2022). Winnaar GemeenteDelers 2022 — Het Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel: een gezamenlijk datafundament voor alle gemeenten. VNG Realisatie.

 

2020

Ashkpour, A. (2020). VNG Innovatiefonds — Grant: Doorontwikkeling van het Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel in samenwerking met gemeenten. VNG Realisatie.

 

Stapel, R., & Ashkpour, A. (2020). OpenGazAm: Linked Open Data Gazetteer of the Early-Modern Americas [Dataset]. DANS.

 

2019

Ashkpour, A. (2019). Theory and practice of historical census data harmonization: The Dutch historical census use case — A flexible, structured and accountable approach using linked data technology [PhD thesis]. Erasmus University Rotterdam.

 

Ashkpour, A. (2019). A centralized data classification platform: Exploration and contribution of knowledge systems. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association (SSHA), Chicago, IL, USA.

 

Hofmeester, K., Ashkpour, A., Depuydt, K., & De Does, J. (2019). Diamonds in Borneo: Commodities as concepts in context. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Digital Access to Textual Cultural Heritage (DATeCH 2019). Brussels, Belgium. https://doi.org/10.1145/3322905.3322920

 

Scharnhorst, A., Van Erp, M., Siebes, R., Guéret, C., Crick, T., Tykhonov, V., Coen, G., Smiraglia, R., Doorn, P., Van den Berg, H., De Vries, J., Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., & De Valk, R. (2019). Curating and archiving linked data datasets from the humanities: From data of the present to data of the future. Paper presented at the Digital Humanities Conference (DH2019), Utrecht, the Netherlands, 9–12 July 2019.

 

Ashkpour, A. (2019). KDP Grant DANS — Subsidie Kleine Dataprojecten: Data classification platform. Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS).

 

2018

Hoekstra, R., Meroño-Peñuela, A., Rijpma, A., Zijdeman, R., Ashkpour, A., Dentler, K., Zandhuis, I., & Rietveld, L. (2018). The dataLegend ecosystem for historical statistics. Journal of Web Semantics, 50, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2018.03.001

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., Gilissen, V., Jonker, J., Vreugdenhil, T., & Doorn, P. (2018). Improving access to the Dutch historical censuses with linked open data. Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1163/24523666-01000010

 

Ashkpour, A., & Meroño-Peñuela, A. (2018). LOCS and KEYS: Linked Open Classification System and opening up knowledge. Paper presented at the European Social Science History Conference (ESSHC 2018), Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, 4–7 April 2018.

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., Zijdeman, R., & Hoekstra, R. (2018). Making social science more reproducible by encapsulating access to linked data. Paper presented at the European Social Science History Conference (ESSHC 2018), Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, 4–7 April 2018.

 

2017

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., Guéret, C., & Schlobach, S. (2017). CEDAR: The Dutch historical censuses as linked open data. Semantic Web, 8(2), 297–310. https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-160233

 

Ashkpour, A., & Meroño-Peñuela, A. (2017). LICR: A cocktail of religions. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association (SSHA), Montreal, Canada, 2–5 November 2017.

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., & Ashkpour, A. (2017). Actionable data links: Tools for reproducibility in social science and history. Paper presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Social Science History Association (SSHA), Montreal, Canada, 2–5 November 2017.

 

Ashkpour, A., & Zijdeman, R. (2017). KDP Grant DANS — Subsidie Kleine Dataprojecten: Linking past and present — Augmenting historical municipality characteristics through harmonization and linkage with contemporary data. Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS).

 

2016

Ashkpour, A., Mandemakers, K., & Boonstra, O. W. A. (2016). Source oriented harmonization of aggregate historical census data: A flexible and accountable approach in RDF. Historical Social Research, 41(4), 296–307. https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.41.2016.4.296-307

 

Ashkpour, A., & Meroño-Peñuela, A. (2016). Geharmoniseerde historische census data — 1859–1920 [Dataset]. Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS). https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-z9j-x2vy

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., & Guéret, C. D. M. (2016). CEDAR RDF database: The Dutch historical censuses (1795–1971) as linked open data [Dataset]. Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS). https://doi.org/10.17026/dans-xpk-wj5w

 

Ashkpour, A., Meroño-Peñuela, A., & Mandemakers, K. (2016). Harmonizing aggregate historical Dutch census data: A flexible approach. Paper presented at the European Social Science History Conference (ESSHC 2016), Valencia, Spain.

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., & Ashkpour, A. (2016). Historical quantitative reasoning on the web. Paper presented at the European Social Science History Conference (ESSHC 2016), Valencia, Spain.

 

2015

Ashkpour, A., Meroño-Peñuela, A., & Mandemakers, K. (2015). The aggregate Dutch historical censuses: Harmonization and RDF. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 48(4), 230–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2015.1026009

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., Van Erp, M., Mandemakers, K., Breure, L., Scharnhorst, A., Schlobach, S., & Van Harmelen, F. (2015). Semantic technologies for historical research: A survey. Semantic Web, 6(6), 539–564. https://doi.org/10.3233/SW-140158

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., Guéret, C., Scharnhorst, A., & Wyatt, S. (2015). CEDAR: Linked open census data — Project statement. DHCommons Journal, 1(1).

 

2014

Ashkpour, A., Meroño-Peñuela, A., & Mandemakers, K. (2014). CEDAR: Harmonization of historical Dutch census data. Paper presented at the 10th European Social Science History Conference (ESSHC 2014), Vienna, Austria.

 

Ashkpour, A., & Meroño-Peñuela, A. (2014). Census data in RDF [Dataset]. Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS).

 

Ashkpour, A., & Meroño-Peñuela, A. (2014). The CEDAR Project: Harmonizing the Dutch historical censuses in the Semantic Web. Paper presented at Digital Humanities Benelux 2014, The Hague, the Netherlands, 12 June 2014.

 

Ashkpour, A., & Meroño-Peñuela, A. (2014). Visualizations of the CEDAR Project. Paper presented at Digital Humanities Benelux 2014, The Hague, the Netherlands, 12–13 June 2014.

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., & Guéret, C. (2014). From flat lists to taxonomies: Bottom-up concept scheme generation in linked statistical data. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Semantic Statistics (SemStats 2014) (Vol. 1550). CEUR-WS. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1550/article-07.pdf

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., & Ashkpour, A. (2014). From Napoleon conquests to the Big Brother sabotage: Harmonization of the Dutch historical censuses in the Semantic Web. Paper presented at the Digital Humanities Congress 2014, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, 4–6 September 2014.

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., & Ashkpour, A. (2014). Integrating historical census data in the Semantic Web. Paper presented at the Historical Network Research Conference, Ghent, Belgium, 15–19 September 2014.

 

2013

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., Rietveld, L., Hoekstra, R., & Schlobach, S. (2013). Linked humanities data: The next frontier? A case-study in historical census data. In T. Kauppinen & L. C. Pouchard (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Linked Science 2012 (LISC2012) — Tackling Big Data (Vol. 951). CEUR-WS. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-951/

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Hoekstra, R., Scharnhorst, A., Guéret, C., & Ashkpour, A. (2013). Longitudinal queries over linked census data. In The Semantic Web: ESWC 2013 Satellite Events (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7955, pp. 306–307). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41242-4_38

 

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Guéret, C., Ashkpour, A., & Scharnhorst, A. (2013). Publishing, harmonizing and consuming census data: The CEDAR Project. In Proceedings of the Open Data on the Web Workshop. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Open Data Institute, Open Knowledge Foundation, 23–24 April 2013.

 

2012

Meroño-Peñuela, A., Ashkpour, A., Rietveld, L., & Hoekstra, R. (2012). Linked humanities data: The next frontier? A case-study in historical census data. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 951. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-951/

 


Featured In

2025

Centric Relatiedag 2025: samen op weg naar de digitale overheid van morgen
Centric.eu · September 2025
Presentation at the Centric Relatiedag on the GGM as a standardized intermediate layer for municipal data,

GGM Toegepast: data as a service door Centric
Kennisnetwerk Data en Samenleving · October 2025
Blog post on the GGM community platform reporting on the Centric Relatiedag session on GGM-compatible data delivery.

Het Gemeentelijk Gegevens Model: de sleutel tot datagedreven gemeentebeleid
Enable U · June 2025
Article describing the GGM as a key initiative of the municipality of Delft enabling data-driven policy, and how it stimulates inter-municipal collaboration.

Waarom gemeenten aan de slag gaan met het Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel
iBestuur · February 2025
Report from the GGM Meetup Utrecht (100+ participants), featuring a presentation on Common Ground alignment and practical implementation guidance for municipalities.

2024

Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel sterk in opmars
Computable · October 2024
Feature article on the rapid adoption of the GGM (100+ municipalities), covering vendor independence, Common Ground principles, and European ambitions around a shared data market.

2023

Publieke consultatie voor Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel gestart
iBestuur · November 2023
Report from the GGM Meetup Den Haag, where VNG, Common Ground and municipality Delft launched the public consultation, including a call on municipalities and vendors to join the growing community.

Het gemeentelijk gegevensmodel
VNG · 2023
VNG practice example page for the GGM, with the municipality of Delft listed as primary contact for the initiative.

2022

Delft deelt het Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel
iBestuur · November 2022
Coverage of the GGM Meetup following the GemeenteDelers Award win, on how the open source model creates a shared data foundation and enables municipalities to collaborate on data-driven policy.

Het Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel bouwt aan een gezamenlijk datafundament
Vereniging Directeuren Publieksdiensten (VDP) · 2022
GemeenteDelers case study on the origins, architecture and impact of the GGM.

GemeenteDelers 2022 — winnaar categorie Informatietechnologie
VNG · 2022
The GGM, developed by the municipality of Delft, won the national GemeenteDelers Award 2022 in the IT category for its open source municipal data model.


Projects

SchemaLab

Data Model Tooling Platform

SchemaLab bridges the gap between logical data models and real-world use by generating structured schemas, validating quality and publishing models as linked data.

Gemeentelijk Gegevensmodel

Data Architect

Working on a uniform and standard data model for (all) municipal data in the Netherlands.

Classifyer

A centralized data classification platform

Currently serving over half a million mappings to 10 different classification systems (including HISCO, HISCLASS, AAT and AMCO) since our launch and growing, thanks to all the contributors

LICR

Linked International Classification of Religions

A 5-star Linked International Classification for Religions. This Classification Systems provides mappings to various other well known system (IPUMS, NAPP, HL7) and is enriched with descriptions from DBPedia.

CLARIAH

Postdoc

Common Lab Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities.NWO, 2015-2019. Interdisciplinary research, Linked Open Data, Structured and unstructured data

CEDAR

PhD Project

Theory and Practice of Historical Census Data Harmonization. The Dutch historical census use case: a flexible, structured and accountable approach using Linked Data technology. KNAW, Computational Humanities Programme.


Book

Theory and Practice of Historical Census Data Harmonization. The Dutch historical census use case: a flexible, structured and accountable approach using Linked Data technology

PhD Dissertation
PhD Dissertation

Download and read a digital version for free on Google Books or Purchase a signed printed copy of the book directly.


Contact

Feel free to reach out. Whether it's about research, data architecture, collaboration, or anything else.